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H. pylori, IBS, gut permeability, bile acids, GI autoimmune processes
The gut is the second brain and the epicenter of immunity. These articles cover evidence-based protocols for treating gastritis and H. pylori without antibiotics, restoring microbiota, addressing irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal permeability (leaky gut). Citations: Gut, The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cochrane Reviews.
The category of “hepatoprotectors” — Essentiale, Heptral, Carsil, Hofitol — is a commercial phenomenon of the post-Soviet market, not an EASL/AASLD clinical category. Most of these drugs have no randomized controlled trials with hard endpoints. I review what is genuinely evidence-based, what is marketing, and why MASLD starts with lifestyle, not a pill.
The liver suffers silently. Pain appears only when the capsule is stretched or fibrosis has progressed to cirrhosis. Blood tests are the only window into this silent process. But a “normal” ALT of 40 U/L is not normal; it is a statistical artifact from populations with an epidemic of MASLD. The true upper limit is 30 in men and 19 in women (Prati 2002). I explain how to read ALT, what to do with a “slightly elevated” value, and when FIB-4 and FibroScan are needed.
Cholestasis and biliary sludge are common but underdiagnosed causes of right upper quadrant heaviness, nausea after fatty foods, dyspepsia, and chronic fatigue. I review the physiology of bile flow, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, markers (ALP, GGT, direct bilirubin), the evidence base for TUDCA and UDCA (Lindor PMID 15239089), choleretics (artichoke, choline, betaine), and why prolonged fasting thickens bile.
Ferritin is not a marker of “normal iron,” but an acute-phase protein and an early indicator of overload. Elevation above 300 μg/L in men and 200 in women requires investigation: HFE genetics, transferrin saturation, MASLD, inflammation. I discuss the Fenton reaction as a mechanism of iron-induced hepatocyte injury, the phlebotomy protocol for hereditary haemochromatosis, and the nuances of dietary iron.
The AST/ALT ratio — the De Ritis index, described in 1957 — is one of the most underestimated laboratory patterns in hepatology. AST/ALT < 1 is the typical MASLD pattern. > 1.5 suggests alcohol-related liver injury, and > 2 combined with GGT suggests acute alcoholic hepatitis. In cirrhosis, the ratio inverts. I explain enzyme physiology, the interpretation pattern, and how to combine it with FIB-4, NFS, and ELF.
Helicobacter pylori infects roughly half the global population and remains the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and a significant risk factor for stomach cancer. With antibiotic resistance rates climbing past 30-40% in many regions, evidence-based natural protocols are gaining clinical relevance.
Glutathione is a tripeptide present in every cell of the human body and widely considered the master intracellular antioxidant. It participates in all three phases of hepatic detoxification, protects cells from oxidative damage, and is essential for immune function. Why do its levels decline, and what does the science say about restoring them?
Medicinal mushrooms are among the fastest-growing categories in the nutraceutical industry. But what lies behind the millennia-old tradition: marketing hype or rigorous science? We examine the clinical evidence for Reishi, Lion's Mane, and Cordyceps — from beta-glucans and immune modulation to neurogenesis and cognitive enhancement.
Standard multivitamins contain nutrients in forms and dosages that ignore individual genetics, microbiome, and current deficiency status. We examine the personalized nutraceutical approach — from blood tests to custom-compounded capsules.
Increased intestinal permeability — commonly known as leaky gut — is no longer a fringe concept. Peer-reviewed research now places it at the center of autoimmune, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory disease. We examine the evidence and restoration protocols.
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